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Concern High About Both NSA and Corporate Surveillance Among Americans Polled

Jay Stanley,
Senior Policy Analyst,
糖心VlogSpeech, Privacy, and Technology Project
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January 9, 2014

While I was semi-disconnected from the grid over the holidays, one of the things I missed was an in the Washington Post detailing the on Americans鈥 privacy attitudes. The article, which contains lots of 鈥渕an on the street鈥 interviews with a range of views on privacy (including the usual 鈥淚 have nothing to hide鈥 viewpoint), correctly points out that in the interpersonal realm, 鈥渢here are not yet widely accepted norms about who may watch whom and when and where tracking is justified.鈥

But the main takeaway from the poll is that Americans express about the threat to their privacy from social networks, cellphone providers, web sites 鈥渟uch as Google, Amazon or eBay鈥 and the NSA. Roughly 70% said they were concerned about each, with only around 30% not at all or 鈥渘ot too鈥 concerned. It is interesting that there are no significant differences between Americans鈥 concern over government and private-sector spying. Perhaps the reality of the Surveillance-Industrial Complex is sinking in.

A couple other observations and comments on the poll:

  • The hook of the article was that Americans express concern about privacy but also use snooping tools themselves. This is not surprising and there鈥檚 no paradox here. To begin with, privacy has always been a question of power, so (as I discussed here) there is an inherent structural incentive to spy on others, to gain the insights and advantages of doing so, while not being spied upon oneself. The legitimacy of monitoring also varies; as the article acknowledges, parent-child monitoring is vastly different from government-citizen monitoring.
  • There鈥檚 also a big difference between monitoring with the subject鈥檚 knowledge (as in the parent-child examples cited in the article) and secret spying (as in the NSA鈥檚 metadata and other programs). The poll asked people if they鈥檇 ever monitored their co-workers 鈥渨ithout their knowledge鈥 (only 3% admitted to doing so). It also asked those living with a partner if they鈥檇 ever monitored their partner鈥檚 鈥渋nternet usage or location through their cell phone,鈥 and 6% said yes鈥攂ut the poll didn鈥檛 ask if that was without their knowledge, so those answering 鈥測es鈥 probably include those who use commonly available mutual-tracking apps. Fully 60% of respondents with children said they monitor their internet usage鈥攂ut again the poll did not ask whether that was with or without the children鈥檚 knowledge, and that is an important distinction.
  • Only 17% say they have 鈥渆ver鈥 鈥渆ncrypted [their] communications鈥 to protect their privacy. As my colleague Christopher Soghoian pointed out to me, this is false because Americans use encryption every time they enter a credit card to buy something, every time they write an email through the webmail interface of Gmail, Hotmail and , and every time they send a tweet鈥攂ecause all of those sites use HTTPS to automatically encrypt their communications. The fact that consumers don鈥檛 realize they are encrypting their communications against passive network surveillance, even though HTTPS protects hundreds of millions of people every day, demonstrates the power of privacy by design. What we need are more services that include encryption without requiring any configuration by the user.
  • Only 13% say they have ever 鈥渦sed a fake name or other false information鈥 to protect their privacy. This was surprising to me. It鈥檚 touching that Americans carry over their norms and habits of honesty, which are so socially beneficial within communities of any kind, to interactions with giant technology corporations. But it seems to me that when a prying company is forcing you to turn over personal information, and uses and abuses that information in untold ways, there is often no reason whatsoever to turn over true information about yourself, and much reason not to. I believe all moral imperatives for truthfulness are inoperative in those circumstances.

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